The typical American underestimates how many Protestants there are in the United States and vastly overestimates the size of religious minorities such as Mormons, Muslims and atheist/agnostics, according to a new study.

Grey Matter Research and Consulting asked 747 U.S. adults to guess what proportion of the American population belongs to each of eight major religious groups: Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Mormon, Muslim, atheist/agnostic, those who believe in God or a higher power but have no particular religious preference, and members of any other religious group.

The average response was that 24 percent of Americans are Catholic, 20 percent are Protestant, 19 percent are unaffiliated, 8 percent are Jewish, 9 percent are atheist or agnostic, 7 percent are Muslim, 7 percent are Mormon and 5 percent identify with various other religious groups.

Respondents were correct on Catholics—24 percent of the country is Catholic. But according to the 2008 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey from the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, 51 percent are Protestant, 12 percent are unaffiliated, 2 percent are Jewish, 4 percent are atheist/agnostic, less than 1 percent are Muslim, 2 percent are Mormon and 4 percent identify with various other religious groups.

While Protestants make up more than half of the American population, Ron Sellers, president of Grey Matter Re­search, said there are several reasons why their numbers are grossly underestimated. “Protestant is an umbrella word that people don’t think of,” he said, noting that people are much more likely to identify with individual Protestant groups, such as Baptist, Methodist or Lutheran, rather than with the Protestant tradition as a whole.

Sellers also mentioned that with Mitt Romney running for president as a Mormon and the current emphasis on Islamic-American relations, “smaller faith groups also may be getting disproportionate media coverage.”

Respondents under the age of 35 were even more likely than older participants to underestimate the Protestant population. Dan Cox, research director for the Washington-based Public Religion Research Institute, said that finding may result from the fact that young people tend to have more friends who are religiously unaffiliated.

“The religiously unaffiliated and non-Christian groups are increasing, but we aren’t close to 30 percent of Americans identifying as unaffiliated or agnostic,” he said. “We are becoming more religiously diverse—that is entirely true—but we’re a long way from any of these numbers.” —RNS